Desain Kerangka Konseptual dalam Pembelajaran IPS Berbasis Proyek Terintegrasi STEM (PjBL-STEM) untuk Sekolah Dasar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70217/91ektg21Keywords:
Pembelajaran IPS, Project-Based Learning, STEM, Sekolah Dasar, Kerangka KonseptualAbstract
Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) di sekolah dasar masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, terutama dalam mengembangkan keterampilan abad ke-21 yang meliputi kemampuan berpikir kritis, kreativitas, kolaborasi, dan pemecahan masalah. Di sisi lain, pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang terintegrasi dengan Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) memiliki potensi untuk menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih kontekstual, bermakna, dan berpusat pada peserta didik. Namun, implementasi pembelajaran IPS berbasis proyek terintegrasi STEM pada jenjang sekolah dasar masih memerlukan landasan konseptual yang jelas sebagai acuan dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang kerangka konseptual pembelajaran IPS berbasis proyek terintegrasi STEM (PjBL-STEM) untuk sekolah dasar. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan tahapan identifikasi literatur, analisis konsep, sintesis teori, dan pengembangan model konseptual berdasarkan kajian berbagai sumber ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan sebuah kerangka konseptual yang mengintegrasikan komponen utama Project-Based Learning dan STEM dalam pembelajaran IPS melalui tahapan orientasi masalah, perencanaan proyek, investigasi, perancangan solusi, implementasi produk, presentasi hasil, serta refleksi dan evaluasi. Kerangka yang dikembangkan menempatkan permasalahan sosial kontekstual sebagai titik awal pembelajaran dan mengakomodasi pengembangan kompetensi pengetahuan, keterampilan, serta karakter peserta didik. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerangka konseptual PjBL-STEM yang dirancang berpotensi menjadi acuan bagi guru sekolah dasar dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran IPS yang inovatif, integratif, dan relevan dengan tuntutan pendidikan abad ke-21.
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